Lory Ice Religions of the WorldJournal 3 DATE @ & Essays

Lory Ice Religions of the WorldJournal 3 DATE \@ MMMM d, y January 29, 2017 Native American history, unlike other past civilizations and cultures, had very little to no written documents. This made it difficult for historians to explain there past civilization and religions. The information that we do have today is based mostly on oral traditions, indigenous histories, and communication of stories from generation to generation. With this information the historians can conclude that there are common characteristics among the many different Native American religions, and tribes. Due to the wide range of Native American tribes all over the Americas. The Native's religions evolved to match the needs and lifestyles of the location of the individual tribes. Religious traditions of the Native people around the world tend to be heavily influenced by their methods of acquiring food, whether it be by hunting wild animals or by the agriculture. It is understood that Native A merican religions are polytheistic. Many tribes believe in the existence of a High God and multiple spirits. Most seem to believe that all nature is alive with spirits, and that each thing plants, and animals have a spirit. Earth Mother is at the heart of belief and is personified by thunder and lightning. Their High God, also referred to as the Supreme Being, would be called upon only in extreme instances seeing as he was considered separate from the concerns of earth. Matters of daily life where left for the nature spirits and sometimes ancestors. Native Americans have a great respect for nature and very seldomly ever abuse it. Hunting for example was a religious pursuit in which the hunter saw the animal as a fellow creature with a spirit. Before a hunt the hunter would pray to the spirit of the animal he was about to kill, and would only kill it if it was absolutely necessary. After the kill they would ask for forgiveness. They would use every part of the animal and leave nothi ng to waste.Religious practices and rituals were also made in order to pay respect to the spirits. Sacrifice was a way of pleasing the Gods. In the Aztec culture, human sacrifice played an important role in pleasing the Gods. For example people of the Great Plains held The Sun Dance. The Sun Dance would last several days, during which time the dancers would fast and pray for healing. Individuals would make personal sacrifices and sacrifices on behalf of their community. This was a way of acquiring the spiritual power necessary for human survival.Taboos also played a great part in the creation of religion. Taboos were avoided so that spirits would not be offended. An example, would be when women would menstruate. A menstruating woman was thought to be very powerful. During this time the woman is kept away from ordinary society. She was not allowed near men who where about to hunt, because it was thought that even a glance from the menstruating woman might destroy there ability to hun t.Another taboo that was widely observed was the avoidance of the dead. In some Australian cultures the dead are not referred to by their name directly as a mark of respect. This avoidance period may last as long as twelve months to several years, depending on how important the person was. The taboo had been enforced with extreme severity in some cultures. In the Native tribe Guajiro of Columbia, if you where to mention the dead before their family it was considered a dreadful offense, which was often punished by death. Native Americans would also conducted ceremonies and rituals to get in touch with the spiritual world. Songs, dancing, fasting and bathing where the most common way ceremonies where conducted. The natives would use dance as a means of contacting the spirits in preparation for special events. Dance was used to prepare the tribe for a hunt, war or agriculture. During these ceremonies the entire community would participate for long periods of time. With dance came song. The Native Americans would sing about the spirits of animals, while beating drums and sticks in a steady rhythm in a hypnotic way. The Natives would also preform ceremonies before and after a hunt to

14 Things You Should Never Say at Work

14 Things You Should Never Say at Work No matter how smart you are- or think you are- or how well you’re doing in your career, it’s always possible to make sure you’re not doing anything to sabotage yourself. There are a ton of little things you can do to fine-tune your conversation skills- eliminating corporate clichà ©s, getting rid of less-than-confident-sounding filler, and limiting your use of negative words. Here are a few words and phrases to weed out of your conversation in the office, for your own success.1. â€Å"Just†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I just wanted to†¦ † â€Å"I was just†¦ † â€Å"I just thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are all basically code for â€Å"I’m sorry to bother you.† You’re not bothering anyone; you’re contributing. You’re doing your job. You’re probably delivering something necessary to a coworker. Start to notice how often you throw â€Å"just† as if trying to ask permission. Be less meek!2. â€Å"Unfair†N othing is fair. Even if you’re stating the obvious truth, stay quiet. You’ll only sound negative and immature. Stay constructive and keep your head above the fray.3. â€Å"Sorry†Especially â€Å"sorry, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Don’t apologize for asking for things, for taking up space, or for having ideas. Especially when you’re not actually sorry.4. â€Å"This is how it’s always been done.†Congratulations, you sound lazy and resistant to change. Like an old dog that can’t learn new and innovative tricks. Keep an open mind to new ways of doing things and better ideas.5. â€Å"I’m no expert, but†¦ †Women so often preface everything they say with this kind of qualifying phrase. You want to avoid sounding pushy or arrogant, but it’s just silly. Own your ideas. Just don’t be pushy or arrogant, and you’ll be fine.6. â€Å"This is a stupid question/silly idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬ You’re immediately s etting yourself up to look like you don’t belong at the big kids’ table. There are no stupid questions, not really. And sometimes silly ideas are the ones that turn a company around. Think before you speak, but don’t qualify what you say as trivial before you’ve even said it.7. â€Å"I’ll try.†Yoda perhaps said it best. â€Å"Do or do not. There is no try.†8. â€Å"It’s not my fault.†Even if this is true, you sound like you can’t take responsibility for anything. Roll your sleeves up and get your hands dirty trying to come up with a solution, rather than shirking blame.9. â€Å"I can’t.†If you were your boss, what would you think hearing that? That you’re unwilling to give it your best effort?10. â€Å"I hate this job.†I mean, really. You should know not to let this one slip already. Even in jest.11. â€Å"Like†Try to avoid talking like a valley girl (or like Shoshanna on HBOâ₠¬â„¢s Girls). Try to keep stupid filler words out of your sentences and avoid the supremely annoying speech tic that is â€Å"vocal fry.† If you’re an up talker? That’s always raising your pitch? At the end of every sentence? Try training yourself to read aloud lowering your arm every time you reach a period.12. 🙂   You don’t need to use emoji to express cheerfulness or camaraderie at work. That’s for your friends. Keep the cutesy and the capslock and the exclamation points for your iMessages and leave your work words unadorned.13. â€Å"Does that make sense?†It probably did before you asked. Don’t second guess yourself mid-explanation. That will only lead your coworkers to second guess you too.14. â€Å"You look tired.†Never tell anyone this, no matter how true it is. They’ll just feel awful about themselves. And you’ll look like a jerk.

U of M Dearborn Admissions and Acceptance Rate

U of M Dearborn Admissions and Acceptance Rate Are you interested in attending the University of Michigan-Dearborn? It is a moderately accessible school with an acceptance rate of 65 percent of applicants. Learn more about admissions requirements. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. University of Michigan-Dearborn Description The University of Michigan at Dearborn is a highly-ranked regional public university located in Dearborn, Michigan, just west of Detroit. It is one of the 15 public universities in Michigan, and 95 percent of students come from Michigan. UMD was founded in 1959 by a 196-acre gift from the Ford Motor Company, and the campus features a 70-acre natural area and the Henry Ford Estate. The University of Michigan at Dearborn has a 17 to 1 student/faculty ratio, and classes average between 15 and 25 students. The college takes advantage of the business and industrial centers in the area, and professional programs in business and engineering are some of the strongest and most popular among undergraduates. UMD is largely a commuter campus and has no housing facilities. Admissions Data (2016) University of Michigan-Dearborn Acceptance Rate: 65Â  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for UM-Dearborn AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Math: 520 / 670SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanCompare top Michigan colleges SAT scoresMichigan public university SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 22Â  / 27ACT English: 22Â  / 28ACT Math: 21 / 27What these ACT numbers meanCompare top Michigan colleges ACT scoresMichigan public university ACT score comparison Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 9,131Â  (7,141 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 52 percent Male / 48 percent Female70 percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $12,032 (in-state); $24,272 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,064Other Expenses: $3,364Total Cost: $24,760 (in-state); $37,000 (out-of-state) University of Michigan-Dearborn Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 92Â  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 79Â  percentLoans: 65Â  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,523Loans: $5,459 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Finance, Marketing, Mechanical Engineering, PsychologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Retention and Graduation Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 74Â  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 17Â  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 54Â  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports: Ice Hockey, Lacrosse, Soccer, Basketball, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports: Basketball, Softball, Track and Field, Cross Country, Volleyball If You Like the University of Michigan Dearborn, You May Also Like These Schools: Michigan State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOakland University: ProfileWayne State University: ProfileHarvard University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFerris State University: ProfileNew York University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Chicago: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOhio State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDuke University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Michigan - Ann Arbor: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph University of Michigan Dearborn Mission Statement: read the complete mission statement at http://umdearborn.edu/about/mission-vision University of Michigan-Dearborn is an inclusive, student-focused institution. We are committed to excellence in teaching, learning, research and scholarship, as well as access, affordability and metropolitan impact. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Court , Newcastle Upon Tyne Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Court , Newcastle Upon Tyne - Essay Example The role of the Crown Court is to deal with the most serious criminal matters. which include cases which are sent to the Crown Court from magistrates courts or youth courts due to the seriousness of the offence. Sole entering in Court 3 of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Combined Court Centre shows very specific atmosphere of law, order and formality. Located in imposing building made of red brick and glass, Court center dominates the center of the town. Criminal court layout is typical for crown courts in United Kingdom. Room is dominated by judgeswearing colored gowns which are seated in the far end of the room, while in front of them is seated court clerk that manages all the court files relating the case that is being on process. Also in the area just in front of the judges bench is the sound recordist which records proceedings on a double deck cassette recorder with one tape or the other being changed at intervals. This record may be used if the case later goes to appeal. Throughout the roo m prosecution and defense lawyers are seated while behind them are places for probation officers and press reporters. Along the wall on the opposite side of magistrates are seats for audience and another court clerk while the doc, place where accused is seating is placed by the right wall of the courtroom. From that place he is able to monitor all the acters of the process. The court layout was good because no matter where you was seated you still had a good view of the surroundings David Moore case which I have visited showed all the complexity and way of work of criminal justice courts in United Kingdom. This 16 year old youth is accused together with his brother for damaging of property, and on 21th of February was brought for a first hearing which was conducted to decade if there is enough potential for starting the trial. Several minor issues were tackled during the

Team assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team assignment - Essay Example Nevertheless, the paper illustrates the proposals on how Berry may develop and improve a number of website factors to reach the focused audience, build visitors’ trust, as well as clients alongside seeking guidance to raise the web traffic. The deliberated rationale of the website is to give the visitors with details concerning pest control services provided by the Berry’s Bug Blaster. From the homepage website information, there are three (3) approaches stated of the services offered by the Berry in bullets. In addition, the website gives direction to the visitors on which pests the Berry deals with by stating the pest names at the website homepage. The website gives straight and precise message with the intention of getting the visitors attention for seeking a Berry’s service. The message is a special offer to attract the visitors to commence services by contacting through the contact number provided on the website. Moreover, the website is also available on the intranet of the organization and acts as some sort of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) for internal users or employees of the organization. The salient features of the website on the intranet include: Finance and Accounting, Sales and Marketin g, Human Resources, Operations Legal and Information Technology. Within the paper, there are two types of expected audience of the website. The first type of audience who can access the website through the Internet include the companies or people who have problems with the pests or had pest control problems in the past. The second type of audience is the internal users or employees of the Berry’s organization who have to use the website on the intranet to perform day-to-day activities. This website has a number of strength that has help the organization significantly. Some of these strengths include: the website is simple, straightforward and easy-to-use; therefore, it can easily be remembered. On the other hand,

Appeal Letter Essay Example for Free

Appeal Letter Essay Id be happy to give you some suggestions if youll take them. I was an English major in college and I currently work as a copywriter for a company, so hopefully I can give you a few tips to make your letter more formal. How about this: Dear Office of Student Financial Aid, My name is *your name* and I am writing to ask you to appeal my suspension of federal aid. The fall and summer semesters were a very stressful and overwhelming time in my life because I was not only returning to school after being out of it for ten years, but I was also taking care of my seven children, sharing one car between my husband and myself, and also working a full-time job. It was very difficult for me to concentrate and do well in my classes when I had to put my family ahead of myself. I do realize that I neglected my studies and I would like another chance to do better in them. I have compiled a list of steps I need to take in order to be successful in school: 1. I will resign from my full-time job in order to give my full attention to school. 2. I will obtain a tutor for my most difficult classes by becoming familiar with the tutoring center on campus. 3. I will talk to each of my instructors personally to find out how I can do well in their classes. 4. I will manage my time wisely so that I can balance my family and studies together. 5. I will attend all of my classes to take advantage of what they have to offer. My goal is to earn a degree in education so that I can make a difference in the lives of young students. This is very important to me because I want to make sure that they dont make the same mistakes that I did. But I can only do this if I can apply for financial aid. I am a hard-working student and a dedicated mother, and I would like the chance to prove to you that my next semester will not be a disappointment. I will try my hardest to be good role model to my family and other students.

Irving Washington, The History of New York Essay examples -- LIterary

Irving Washington was born in 1783 in New York into a large family where he was the youngest of eleven children. He started his career from a law office feeling that it was a job not to his heart content. Being light-hearted and sardonic in his nature he attempted to write for the journal of his brother Peter called â€Å"The Morning Chronicle†. Later Irving and Peter thought of creating a high-quality literary mockery. Originally the text intended nothing else but a satire upon the â€Å"Picture of New York† by Dr. Samuel Mitchell whose text was rather boastful of erudition and pedantry; however, it turned out to be different from the original perspective broadening the scope of interpretative thinking over to history and philosophy as two great narratives. The text was published December 6, 1809 in New York when Irving Washington was 26 and brought him considerable critical acclaim. Worth mentioning are the two timelines: the actual historical timeline of the story which embraces the first two decades of the XVII century. Literary selection suggested revolves around a historical episode of purchase of New York (namely Manhattan Island) from the Indians and further life of the Dutchmen. In 1626 Peter Menuit arrived at the colony called New Amsterdam to govern as well as take part in educational and religious activities of the settlers. The first priority for the governor to realize was a purchase of the Island of Manhattan. The estimated sum of transaction was twenty-four dollars, which Irving Washington calls â€Å"a measure almost unparalleled in the annals of discovery and colonization† (Tuttleton, 1993, p. 209-212). The second timeline is actually tangible through the author’s voice within the frame of narration, as he comes from two... ... The other side of the conflict is never articulated, thus suppressed, kept silent and, therefore, eliminated, which makes the entire concept of conflict as a productive means of history. Irving Washington wrote the text looking back two centuries. Apart from being a satire it deconstructs the concept of history by devaluation of the conflict via removal of one of its constituents or dehumanization of it which is one of the main implied themes of the story. Works Cited Aderman, Ralph. M. Critical Essays on Washington Irving. // John G. Lockhart. Review of Knickerbocker’s History of New York. G.K. Hall & Co., 1990. P. 50. Irving, Washington. A History of New York: Washington Irving: History, Tales and Sketches. NY: the Library of Congress, 1983. P. 449-55. Tuttleton, James W. Washington Irving: the Critical Reaction. AMS Press, 1993. P. 209-212. Irving Washington, The History of New York Essay examples -- LIterary Irving Washington was born in 1783 in New York into a large family where he was the youngest of eleven children. He started his career from a law office feeling that it was a job not to his heart content. Being light-hearted and sardonic in his nature he attempted to write for the journal of his brother Peter called â€Å"The Morning Chronicle†. Later Irving and Peter thought of creating a high-quality literary mockery. Originally the text intended nothing else but a satire upon the â€Å"Picture of New York† by Dr. Samuel Mitchell whose text was rather boastful of erudition and pedantry; however, it turned out to be different from the original perspective broadening the scope of interpretative thinking over to history and philosophy as two great narratives. The text was published December 6, 1809 in New York when Irving Washington was 26 and brought him considerable critical acclaim. Worth mentioning are the two timelines: the actual historical timeline of the story which embraces the first two decades of the XVII century. Literary selection suggested revolves around a historical episode of purchase of New York (namely Manhattan Island) from the Indians and further life of the Dutchmen. In 1626 Peter Menuit arrived at the colony called New Amsterdam to govern as well as take part in educational and religious activities of the settlers. The first priority for the governor to realize was a purchase of the Island of Manhattan. The estimated sum of transaction was twenty-four dollars, which Irving Washington calls â€Å"a measure almost unparalleled in the annals of discovery and colonization† (Tuttleton, 1993, p. 209-212). The second timeline is actually tangible through the author’s voice within the frame of narration, as he comes from two... ... The other side of the conflict is never articulated, thus suppressed, kept silent and, therefore, eliminated, which makes the entire concept of conflict as a productive means of history. Irving Washington wrote the text looking back two centuries. Apart from being a satire it deconstructs the concept of history by devaluation of the conflict via removal of one of its constituents or dehumanization of it which is one of the main implied themes of the story. Works Cited Aderman, Ralph. M. Critical Essays on Washington Irving. // John G. Lockhart. Review of Knickerbocker’s History of New York. G.K. Hall & Co., 1990. P. 50. Irving, Washington. A History of New York: Washington Irving: History, Tales and Sketches. NY: the Library of Congress, 1983. P. 449-55. Tuttleton, James W. Washington Irving: the Critical Reaction. AMS Press, 1993. P. 209-212.

Invent School Program Essay

I. Introduction Some students from Bansud National Highschool – Regional Science Highschool for Region IV-B MIMAROPA with other school’s representative from different towns in Mindoro joined a seminar held on 16-17th day of April 2013 at Filipiniana Hotel Convention Hall Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro. The seminar is about on how to make a Science Investigatory Project and some topics regarding in research fields. The representative of Department of Science and Technology – Technology Application and Promotion Institute (DOST – TAPI) organized a seminar for us. The speakers for the seminar are Dr. George M. Colorado, Ms. Teresita O. De Vera, and others. In our two-day seminar the topics they discussed is about â€Å"Creativity†, †Creative, Perceptive, and Inventive Thinking†, â€Å"Ideation tools and Techniques†, â€Å"Creative Problem Solving Process†, â€Å"Invention Development†, â€Å"Prior Art Search†, an d â€Å"Intelectual Property Rights.† II. Knowledge / Learning Acquired I have knowledge on making a Science Investigatory Project because when I was on 5th grade level I joined a contest regarding on it. I also have knowledge in research fields because we have a subject about in our class about it. Based on what I learned from the seminar It is important to always ask yourself, train to think always so that your mind can easily perceive the things around our surroundings to come up a novel invention. I also learned from the speakers the difference of an invention and not. The most emphasized thing in the seminar is how to think and invent a creative Science Investigatory Project. III. Observation During our seminar I observed that our speakers have enough knowledge about the topic they are discussing. I also observed that they have freebies for us to participate in their discussion and question and answer portion. I observed that all students are interested to the topic they discussed and participated with the speakers attentively and most of all listened enough to learn. IV. Recommendations/ Suggestions I suggest that they provide a hand outs for all the participants of the seminar so that the participants or all students have notes to be compile and use it while the seminar is going on so that they don’t need to copy instead they will focused on listening to the speaker.

Dome of the Rock: Jeruselam

1 Jake Kelly 4/27/2012 Art History 130c Report Dome of the Rock: Jerusalem The Dome of the Rock is in an area surrounded by religious influences and not all these are Islamic. It is located on the Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem, which has gone through many religious changes. Religious groups have been fighting over this area for thousands of years and the fighting still continues today. Many different groups have inhabited this region, but not many have made the impact as the group responsible for the Dome of the Rock.The most dramatic change came when the Muslims took Jerusalem the Christians. When this historical event happened, the Muslims wanted to get rid of any Christian influence, and the Dome of the Rock reflects this idea. This new ruling group wanted to take the religious focus from every previous Christian piece of architecture and turn it towards the Dome of the Rock. To accomplish the construction of a building that overlooked all over Jerusalem, there needed to be a eleva ted, flat space.The location of its construction is a plateau above the holy city and is another clue to what the Muslims were trying to accomplish. The Haram had many Christian holy spots located there, including the tomb of Christ and the rotunda above it. The structure we see today, has pro Islam calligraphy on the outside walls as well as the mosaics located inside. This use of calligraphy in art work in the Dome of the Rock is one of the first used in Muslim architecture. They use the calligraphy for Qur’anic versus’ as well as explain their faith to people visiting the Dome.Even though the Muslims were trying to out do the previous 2 religion, Christian influence is seen through the octagonal shape of the structure. Along with the location and calligraphy, the nature theme of the art work inside show the religious shift that was taking place at the time of its creation. In early Islamic art that was used during this period of time, no human art forms are used. Th is was against Islamic law, and much of the Christian architecture of the region followed completely opposite guidelines with human forms. When the Islamic religion took hold of this egion, they did not integrate the Christian holy structures into a Mosque, but instead used Islamic art and architecture in the building of the Dome of the Rock to show the new Islamic dominance over the existing Christian architecture. â€Å"Tradition-Jewish, Christian and Muslim-holds that Solomon built this Temple, dedicated to the Israelite God Yahweh, in the southeast corner of what is now Jerusalem’s Old City, on a platform known to the Jews and Christians as the Temple Mount to Muslims as the Haram al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary). () (figure 1). The area known to the Muslims as Haram as-Sharif only because of its overlooking presence on the city of Jerusalem, was a very religious cite for the Christian religion that has ideas the Muslims do not agree with. In the Islamic faith, the follow ers believe Jesus was not the son of God. They believe Jesus was a prophet, but was not the son of God as he claimed during his life on earth. This is the major difference between the two faiths and has caused controversy among members of both religions.The single idea of whether or not Jesus is the son of God has, and will keep these two groups competing for dominance. This competition can be seen through the location the architect chose for the 3 Dome of the Rock. The Omayyad caliph ‘Abd al-Malik chose this position to draw attention from the old â€Å"center of Jerusalem† and the Christian Holy Sepulchre church and the rotunda over the tomb of Jesus, to a new Islamic architectural creation that later was caped with a golden dome. The Dome of the Rock now, dominates the Jerusalem skyline.Al-Malik’s plan worked, but was intended to do much more than just overlook old Christian structures. They wanted nothing to do with these structures and it is reflected by man y of the themes chosen for this piece of art. The design, structure, and art are all Islamic art forms intended to show the dominance of the new group over the people who previously dominated the area. â€Å"The Arabs referred to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre by a different name, using a pun in Arabic. In Christian tradition the church is widely known as the Church of the Resurrection-al-Qiyama in Arabic.The Arabs changed its name to al-Qamama- church of the Dung. †()(figure 2). Disrespect to the Christian faith was the intent of this name changing, but other reasons lie below the surface. The new ruling Islamic group changed the name almost as propaganda for the people to see this beautiful church as below the new Islamic architecture. This tactic has been used time and time again throughout art history to draw attention and show dominance of the new ruling religion or group. With all this negativity towards anything Christian, the Dome of the Rock would think to have no such influence.The golden dome is the exact same inner dimensions as the Sepulchre Church and the octagonal structure was first seen in Christian architecture. With the disagreement, the Muslim builders could not deny the Christian building 4 techniques and layout when creating the Dome of the Rock. The structure may be very similar, but that is not what sets it apart from Christian architecture. The art work incorporated with the building tells an Islamic story and shows the shift from tradition Christian art to a completely different style used by the creators. A major shift also occurs with the subject matter incorporated the art.The Christians used many statues and paintings in their religious locations, but the new Islamic group now only used things like nature and calligraphy in all there art. What is seen on the outside of the structure, on the mosaics inside, and the calligraphy around the arcades tell a Muslim story that was meant to show an end to the Christian rule of the area. â€Å"It rises atop a tall cylinder of some 98 feet (30m) over the platform. Constructed of wood, it is not gilded but covered with a special alloy containing gold that provides its vaguely golden tone.The cupola is supported by a circular arcade of four piers and sixteen columns flanked by two ambulatories surrounds the cylinder and holds tight, as in a ring. The ambulatories together are 46 feet (14m) deep, and give the whole building a diameter of some 157 feet (48m). It rises to only 36 feet (11m) inside and 43 feet (13m) on the outside, strengthening the impact of the central cylinder with cupola. † () The structure of the Dome of the Rock was not huge like many other Islamic religious structures.Compared with the Mosques and other Islamic holy sites studied in art history, this is very small and shaped different, but still keeps the normal Islamic theme of the time. Islamic holy sites are usually gigantic elaborate buildings on the outside as well as the in, but this is where the Dome is different. The only real elaborate piece to the outside is the golden dome that can be noticed and recognized from far distances. This was a structure made to look like structurally like the existing Christian holy sites. The similarity between structures was intended 5 ot to mimic, but to show that their religion was the truth, through the Islamic art work and calligraphy. The least elaborate section of the building is the outside and has calligraphy that was once with Islamic based mosaics. The gold dome with a plain building is a strategic move that give the structure a very unique quality. The inside of the Dome of the Rock may be more important than the dome itself and what it stood for. There are documents inside the building telling what the calligraphy inside the building can be translated to. This calligraphy is from the Koran and is on the top of the inner and outer octagonal arcades (figure 3).The calligraphy, â€Å"These passages make three poi nts: (1) God is one; He cannot be born or give birth, a basic Muslim position in relationship to the Christians; (2) God’s messenger is Muhammad, who was brought the divine message to mankind and (3) Jesus, the son of Mary, is also a messenger who should be honored and praised because of his virtuous life and because he carried some of the signs of the divine relationship to man. † () The Muslims and Christians are two religions that have many simililarites, but disagree with who was the prophet and if Jesus was the son of god or just a messenger.As stated earlier, these differences have caused controversy between the two groups, which are meant to be brought out by the Qur’anic versus. These messages of one God, Muhammad as the prophet, and Jesus only being a messenger were inserted in the inside art work to set in stone what religion now controlled this area. They wanted to show who now had the power of the area and wanted it to be clear through the art work an d calligraphy found on the inner and outer arcades. During the time of the construction, no human forms were used in 6 the art work.This is a reason calligraphy can be seen throughout this Muslim based piece of architecture. Calligraphy is a very important piece to almost and Islamic work and always tells a religious story from the Koran or other religious works. To take this even further, the Islamic people may have been trying to flex their chest a little more by staying away from any type of Christian art forms. Whatever the intent was, the calligraphy on the inner and outer arcades comes directly out of the Koran and puts to rest the old Christian ways of the area.To go along with the Islamic calligraphy on the inside of the Dome of the Rock, the incorporation of nature mosaics shows the shift in art work of the area. The patrons and builders of this great building obvisously wanted nothing to do with the art work of the Christians, and is the reason no blending of art happened between the two at this time. When the Christians dominated the area, portraiture was very popular as well as Christian statues and stained glass portraying holy people was not uncommon. During the time period when the Muslims conquered the Christians, human images were not allowed to be subject matter in and Islamic art.The Islamic people wanted to get rid of the Christian art work that went against their faith and first started with the Dome of the Rock. One similarity between the artwork of these two groups could be the use of glass, but they each used glass in different ways. Instead of stain glass mosaics of people, the Muslim builder used small pieces of glass called tesserae to create much of the mosaics that line the walls of the Dome of the Rock. This took time, but when one sees the inside of this great building, the time taken by these artists to do the mosaics was well worth it. 7 It is easy to enumerate the components: acanthus bowls of several different shapes; scrolls made of calices fitted into one another, occasionally simplified into a single ribbon with jewels and adaptable to almost any space; supporting rods, usually artificial cominations of repeated floral or ornamental elements; trees, among which palm trees can be recognized, and tufts of grass; garlands and single leaves which, especially on the soffits, serve as background for fruits; berries, fruits, and vegetables, among which pomergranets, olives, cherries, dates, grapes, and several kinds of cucumbers can be recognized; full or empty cornucopias of many different forms; vases shells; crescents and stars; an astounding array of insignia associated with royal power, such as crowns or tiaras, and other jewelry of many kinds with no royal association; pairs of wings; and artificial combinations of several of these elements to create imaginative and fantastic compositions† () (figure 4). This quote from a book written by Oleg Grabar tells the type of art work found in and around the dome of the rock. There are absolutely no human forms in any of this art work and is not done this way solely because this was Islamic law. The creators wanted to put a completely Muslim piece of architecture in the Jerusalem skyline to let the people of the city and visitors that this was now an Islamic dominated area. †¦reasons for the building of this monument include: (1) the portrayal of the triumph of Islam, the Final Revelation, based off the opulent surface decoration throughout the building, especially the jewel-studded mosaics, precious stones, etc. , and the calligraphy of specific Qur’anic versus symbolizing holiness, wealth, and power, and (2) the commemoration of the location of the Prophet Muhammad’s ‘Night Journey’, especially of the ‘rock’ itself on top of which, according to later traditions, the Prophet stood before being led by angel Gabriel to meet God in the second part of the ‘Night Journey’ â€⠀œ the Miraj. † () Jerusalem has always been an area of religious struggle, because of its location and importance to an abundance of religions. There were Jewish strongholds as well as Christians ruling this area way before the Islamic people came into power.The struggle for power has turned the 8 area into something so sought after, that when they gained control, triumph throughout the Islamic faith began. Constructing a great piece of architecture is a tactic used time in time again throughout history to mark a change in time, and these people were trying to do just that. This building was meant to be on top of the hill looking down over the city, to maybe instill pride in people of the area, but much more than the location is put into its creation. The subject matter of the art is that of Islamic wealth and power. These refrences paint the picture of what these new people to the area were all about.They had power, backed by the Islamic law, and enough money to build pieces of architecture like this all over the area. These rulers and wealthy citizens were very good patrons to the arts and is seen through the construction and choices of art work on the inside of the structure. Patrons willing to spend vast amounts of money on art and architecture can be seen throughout the Muslim history. To take this further, the subject matter and location of the building were not the only reasons for its construction. In the first part of the night journey, Prophet Muhammad travelled all the way to Jerusalem, where he met up the angel Gabriel on the rock contained inside the Dome of the Rock. (figure 5). They then travelled to heaven, hell, and to meet God.The Islamic people take this story, as well as many other stories, very seriously and truthfully believe events like this once occurred upon this rock. This type of religious belief system has been seen around the world for centuries, and anything from something in nature or the world and turn into a relic overni ght. Patrons, as well as builders did not just pick this area because it over looked the city of Jerusalem, they wanted to use the rock as a piece of art and almost a relic to be worshipped while inside the structure. Christian churches always have some type of relic or piece of art inside the church that can be 9 the center of worship. Many times a priest or holy person will kiss this relic that is usually contained inside the alter of a Christian church.People can walk into the Dome of the Rock and be able to relate a story to the rock and Muhammad much like Christians can with the relics in there churches. This may not be your typical art object or relic used in a church, but because its sacred history this giant rock is the center piece of this beautiful piece of art. The exterior of the Dome of the Rock is almost like night and day when you relate it to the elaborate mosaics and arcades of the interior chamber. This is a building that was made to be seen from far away as someon e journeyed into the city. â€Å".. the Dome of the Rock operates as a magnetic entity from afar and breaks down into partial and repetitive elements as one draws near it. () As you approach the city of Jerusalem, towering over the skyline is this magnificent golden dome that appears to be attached to an elaborate building. When one keeps travelling and gets closer to the actual building itself, the gold domed building that once looked elaborate is now very plain. â€Å"What distinguishes the Dome of the Rock, however is that the remote impact is the same wherever one becomes aware of its presence, and nowhere does perception of the building require or invite entry, as do, for instance, the funnellike facades of Gothic cathedrals. † () The evidence is really weak on why exactly this non elaborate technique was used on the exterior part of the building and seems very weird of Muslim architecture and art.Usually the entire structure of a holy location would be covered with art to almost draw in the 10 thousands of people a day to pray. Because it was created to be seen far away and dominate the Jerusalem skyline, they did not elaborately create the outside of the structure to be similar to the inside, but instead used a golden dome to draw people in. With this contrast brings curiosity and could have easily been a motive during construction. Even though the outside, bottom section of the building, is very bland when you compare it to the golden dome or the elaborate tesserae mosaics of the interior, many people still put rank it as one of the most beautiful in the world today.The symmetrical technique, octagonal shape, and the art used in the creation of the Dome of the Rock were before their time and are still thought highly of today. With all the Islamic influence as well as the incorporation of some Christian techniques, one would think there was no more room for outside influence. â€Å"Byzantine, Persian, and Arab design and architecture are blende d in it to create a magnificent whole. The blending of the three types of art is not surprising for all three people shared in the constrction. †() With all these different influences present during construction, no wonder many attribute this piece of architecture with beauty and uniqueness. The mosque of the rock is extrodinary and beautiful. I have visited many places and beautiful buildings in India, Europe, and other parts of the world, and as far as I can remember. I have not seen as magnificent of a building as the Dome of the rock. The symmetry and the gorgeous blending of colors I have not seen in any other building. † (5) Many people around the world share this same opinion of the incredible building. Everything that went into its construction, make it one of the most unique places to visit in the entire world. 11 The Dome of The Rock in Jerusalem was a building constructed by a group of people that were new to an area and wanted to make a point.These were peopl e of the book, with lives that revolved around following the readings found in the Koran. These religious ideas are seen throughout the entire building. Everything from calligraphy, mosaics, and relics are all geared towards Islamic law and pleasing God or Alah in the Islamic faith. This religious influence was not meant to be just looked at and admired by the Muslim people who now had power of the region. The creators and patrons wanted to give the people a building that towered and naturally looked down upon the Christian architecture that was already there. This group even changed the name of a great Christian church of the region to show who now was in control.The Muslim people of this time and place used Islamic art and architecture in the building of the Dome of the Rock to show there dominance over the group who recently inhabited the region. Figure 1 12 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 13 Figure 5 Bibliography Aref, Aref El. A Brief Guide to The Dome of the Rock and Al-Haram Al-Sh arif. Jerusalem: Supreme AWQAF Council, 1959. Print. Bloom, Jonathan M. Early Islamic Art and Architecture. Aldershot [u. a. : Ashgate Variorum, 2002. Print. Grabar, Oleg. The Dome of the Rock. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2006. Print. Nuseibeh, Said, and Oleg Grabar. The Dome of the Rock. New York: Rizzoli, 1996. Print.Shanks, Hershel, and Hershel Shanks. Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome. New York: Continuum, 2007. Print. I watched a National Geography Video I ordered through the library ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Shanks, Hershel. Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome. New York: Continuum, 2007. Print. [ 2 ]. Shanks, Hershel. Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome. New York: Continuum, 2007. Print. [ 3 ]. Nuseibeh, Said, and Oleg Grabar. The Dome of the Rock. New York: Rizzoli, 1996. Print [ 4 ]. Nuseibeh, Said , and Oleg Grabar. The Dome of the Rock. New York: Rizzoli, 1996. Print [ 5 ]. Grabar, Oleg.The Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2002. Pg. 224 [ 6 ]. M. Anwarul Islam and Zavid F. Al-hammad. The Dome of the Rock: Origin of its Octagonal Plan. http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. wittenberg. edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=b061e92d-24d2-41ec-9e4c-df5ed7fce55d%40sessionmgr15=4=11 [ 7 ]. Shanks, Hershel. Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome. New York: Continuum, 2007. Print. [ 8 ]. Shanks, Hershel. Jerusalem's Temple Mount: From Solomon to the Golden Dome. New York: Continuum, 2007. Print. [ 9 ]. Aref, El Aref. A Brief Guide to The Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem: The Supreme Awqaf Council. 1959.

Zeitgeist John Philip Sousa essays

Zeitgeist John Philip Sousa essays Artists do not create in a vacuum. They reflect their times or at the very least are affected by the lives they lead which are also influenced by the public sphere. The term for this reflection is Zeitgeist. It literally means spirit of the times. John Philip Sousa and his works can be classified under this term of Zeitgeist. Most of Sousas music was composed during a period known as the gilded age. This period is known for its gross materialism and blatant political corruption in the United States. However, Sousas music does not seem to reflect this corruption, but rather it reflects a way to deal with the corruption and mishaps of the times. John Philip Sousa, also known as the March King, was born on November 6,1854, in Washington D.C., near the marine barracks where his father, Antonio, was a musician in the marine band . He received his grammar school education in Washington and for several of his school years enrolled in a private conservatory of music operated by John Esputa, Jr. . There he studied piano and most of the orchestral instruments, but his main passion was the violin. He became very good at the violin, and at age 13 he was almost persuaded to join a circus band . As a young boy, the martial music of army bands in the streets of Washington during and immediately following the Civil War had a profound effect on him. When he was not yet fourteen he enlisted in the Marine Corps and succeeded in becoming a member of the marine band . This is where he picked up a liking for marches. After being discharged from the Marine Corps, Sousa toured with several traveling theater orchestras and in 1876 moved to Philadelphia. There he worked as an arranger, composer, and proofreader for publishing houses . While on tour with an opera company in St. Louis, he received a telegram offering him le ...

The Best Free Book Cover Makers (and a Few Paid Ones)

The Best Free Book Cover Makers (and a Few Paid Ones) The Best Free Book Cover Makers (and a Few Paid Ones) If you're on the hunt for a free book cover maker, then you might be looking to DIY the cover design for your book.  But before we get to our recommendations, we should start with a caveat: if you’re not a professional designer and you can avoid it, don’t design your own book cover. And we all know the reason why: the cover is your book’s #1 marketing asset.Cover designer Ninai Freitas urges authors to think of book covers as a long-term investment: â€Å"It is better to have a well-designed cover that can help increase sales. You can have the best tools - such as Photoshop, Illustrator or InDesign - but these programs don’t automatically make a book cover. What counts is the person using them.†Budget naturally plays a role in an indie author’s publishing decision. On our marketplace, professional designers charge on average $650 to design a cover - however, 16% of the designers polled will often charge under $400.  But we get it: $400 is still a pretty penny. So if you’re set on designing your own cover, you know where to look for inspiration, and are willing to put in the legwork to learning a new skill, here are some resources you might consider.Let's start with a few free book cover makers: 25 Beautiful Examples of Book Illustration Read post Hot tip: To learn more about typography and book design, check out our monthly Cover Critiques on Reedsy Live.Have you used another book cover maker that you'd recommend? Leave us any thoughts or questions about book design in the comments below.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 42

Philosophy - Essay Example Searching for knowledge is just like trying to get bigger and bigger squares than the one we have started with. Actually, the basis of most of Plato’s philosophical ideas was mathematics. He was fond of mathematics because of its idealized abstractions and its separation from the merely material. According to Plato, the mathematician could well consider himself as dealing only with the purest form of thought and as having nothing to do with the imperfect everyday world. The eagerness to be enlightened and greediness to be experienced are the real cause of man’s destruction and suffering, according to Plato in the Meno. In fact, the continuous search for knowledge about the unknown is an aspect that has been characterizing human beings since their early existence on earth. In that sense, an important characteristic of human nature in general is the easiness with which man can commit a sin, despite the fact that he clearly knows the good. This is what is referred to as "Menos paradox" in Platos Meno. Plato, in this play, sends an important message about the nature of man, saying that, in many cases, man can clearly differentiate between what is good and what is evil and still can fail to do the good. Consequently, Plato had his own philosophy of ethics. His ethical theory rests on the assumption that virtue is knowledge and can be taught, which has to be understood in terms of his theory of Forms. The highest Form for Plato is the Form of the Good, and knowledge of this Form is the source of guidance in moral decision making. Accordingly, Plato argued that to know the good is to do the good. The epitome of this is that anyone who behaves immorally does so out of ignorance. This assumption is derived from Platos conviction that the moral person is the t ruly satisfied person, and because individuals always desire their own happiness, they always desire to do that which is moral. Therefore, it can be said that Plato’s